Hundreds of dinosaur footprints dating back 166 million years found in Oxfordshire quarry

Kirsty Edgar, Richard Butler, Duncan Murdock, Alice Roberts, and Emma Nicholls at a quarry. Credit: PA

Researchers have discovered nearly 200 dinosaur footprints dating back 166 million years buried under mud in an Oxfordshire quarry.

The dig, carried out at Dewars Farm Quarry in Oxfordshire by teams from the Universities of Oxford and Birmingham, uncovered five extensive trackways, forming part of a ‘dinosaur highway’ – with evidence of more in the surrounding area.

The longest continuous track of footprints measured more than 150 metres in length, with four made by long-necked herbivorous dinosaurs called sauropods and most likely to be Cetiosaurus, an up to 18-metre-long cousin of the Diplodocus.

During the new excavation, more than 20,000 images were created of the prints Credit: OUMNH/PA

The fifth trackway was made by the nine-metre long carnivorous Megalosaurus which had distinctive, large, three-toed feet with claws, the University of Birmingham said.

One area of the site shows the carnivore and herbivore tracks crossing over, prompting questions about whether and how the two were interacting.

Modern techniques and technology mean the prints can be recorded much more comprehensively than ever before Credit: Emma Nicholls/PA

Experts were called into the quarry when worker Gary Johnson felt “unusual bumps” as he was stripping clay back with a digger to expose the quarry floor.

The Universities of Oxford and Birmingham co-led a team of more than 100 people on a week-long excavation in June 2024, uncovering around 200 footprints, creating 20,000 photographs and building detailed 3D models of the site using aerial drone photography.

The footprints were made 166 million years ago Credit: University of Birmingham/PA

The new trackways connect to discoveries made in the area in 1997, where limestone quarrying revealed more than 40 sets of footprints, with some trackways reaching up to 180 metres in length.

Experts say the new discoveries will provide valuable insights into how the dinosaurs walked, speeds they reached, how big they were, and if and how they interacted with each other.

Dr Duncan Murdock, earth scientist at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH), said: “The preservation is so detailed that we can see how the mud was deformed as the dinosaurs’ feet squelched in and out.

“Along with other fossils like burrows, shells and plants we can bring to life the muddy lagoon environment the dinosaurs walked through.”

An artist reconstruction of how the Megalosaurus and Cetiosaurus may have created the footprints Credit: Mark Witton/PA

Professor Richard Butler, professor of palaeobiology at the University of Birmingham, said: “There is much more that we can learn from this site, which is an important part of our national Earth heritage.

“Our 3D models will allow researchers to continue to study and make accessible this fascinating piece of our past for generations to come.”

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