Review criticises police for disclosure of Nicola Bulley's health struggles

• Chief Constable Andy Marsh, who leads the College of Policing, speaking at the conference.

The disclosure of personal information about Nicola Bulley’s health struggles was "avoidable and unnecessary" a review of the police handling of her disappearance has found.

Lancashire Police has come under fire for the way it made public details of Ms Bulley’s medical situation amid a media frenzy earlier this year, with even the Prime Minister expressing concern that private information had been disclosed.

Nicola, 45 and a mum-of two, vanished in January while she was on a walk with her dog alongside the River Wyre in the village of St Michael's.

Her body was found in the river on 19 February, about a mile from where she vanished.

An inquest concluded her death was accidental, that she fell into the river on the day she disappeared and died almost immediately in the cold water.

Ms Bulley’s family say they continue to grieve her loss and do not want to comment on the report.

A review has found that in policing terms the missing persons investigation was well handled, but that Lancashire Police had lost control of the public narrative at an early stage.

Senior officers failed to brief mainstream accredited reporters because trust between police and media had broken down – leading to an information vacuum and unchecked speculation.

The 143-page report, which concludes with 17 recommendations, criticises senior officers at Lancashire Police, details "insufficient focus" and errors of judgment, and questions the culture of the force, with claims chief officers "observed but did not act" and failed to show sufficient support to lower ranks.

A huge level of interest coupled with wild speculation on social media put the force under intense pressure during the investigation into Ms Bulley’s disappearance.

The frenzy of speculation saw 6,500 international articles written about the hunt in the space of one day, and TikTok videos with the hashtag of her name had 270 million views.

Lancashire Police press office logged more than 500 media calls and 75,000 inbound social media comments on the case in about one month.

A review of the investigation led by the College of Policing found that as levels of public confidence in the force were falling, the case should have been declared a critical incident, due to the effect of public confidence in the police, with greater focus on the media and earlier use of family liaison officers.

Chief Constable Andy Marsh, who leads the College of Policing, said: "Throughout our work we have had Nicola’s family and friends in our thoughts.

"The purpose of the review was not to attribute blame but identify areas of learning for the constabulary and wider policing.

"The decision to not call the investigation a critical incident, despite it meeting the national definition, set the tone within the constabulary and led to several challenges.

"The most notable of these was the way the constabulary released personal information about Nicola which was avoidable and unnecessary.

"While we have not shied away from criticism, there are also many areas of Lancashire Constabulary’s response that should be commended, including an exemplary investigation and a well-conducted search.

"At the heart of the investigation was Nicola. I am left in no doubt that she and her family were foremost in the minds of officers and staff throughout the search.”

Details of Ms Bulley’s struggles with menopause were disclosed by police after bungled handling of questions over whether any medical factors were at play.

The review found that Lancashire Police should have given non-reportable background briefings to accredited journalists to shape responsible reporting, without releasing personal information.

It said: “The investigating team had background information on Nicola that was not publicly available.

“The way in which this information was eventually communicated to the public proved to be the most controversial aspect of the investigation.

“The failure to brief the mainstream media on a non-reportable basis on this information, or to adequately fill the information vacuum, allowed speculation to run unchecked.

“This led to an extraordinary increase in media and public interest in the case, which was fuelled by several newsworthy elements.

“These included the apparent mystery of why Nicola had disappeared, leaving behind her dog and leaving her mobile phone still connected to a Microsoft Teams call.”

It said that the relationship between police and accredited media has become fractured and must be rebuilt.

Dr Iain Raphael, who led the review, said: “A professional, trusted, and appropriate working relationship between the police and the media is vital for public confidence.

“The report makes clear that without this, speculation can run unchecked and result in an extraordinary explosion of media and public interest in the case.

“Policing must also recognise the impact social media now has.

“Ultimately, police should seek to be the first with the truth and ensure the public has access to accurate and authoritative information when it is most needed.”

In a video statement released on X, Deputy Chief Constable Sacha Hatchett from Lancashire Police welcomed the College of Policing review of the operational response.

She said: “That media demand was at times overwhelming, and with the benefit of hindsight, there are undoubtedly things we would do differently in the future. Indeed, we have already started to do so.

“There is no doubt that the impact of social media, as experienced in this case, is an area of concern for policing generally which requires more focus in the future.

“It had a detrimental effect on the family, the investigation, and our staff along with influencing wider media reporting.”

A press conference to discuss the report took place on Tuesday 21 November with Andrew Snowden, police and crime commissioner for Lancashire, who commissioned the report, alongside Chief Constable Andy Marsh.

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