12 lifestyle factors that could help people reduce dementia risk

A new brain health checker has listed ways of potentially cutting the risk of dementia. Credit: PA

People can make 12 simple changes to reduce their risk of getting dementia, according to a new brain health checker.

The vast majority of people are not doing enough to deter dementia in later life, says Alzheimer’s Research UK, with some 40% of cases thought to be linked to lifestyle factors - which, if changed early, can reduce a person’s risk.

The charity said it wanted to empower people to make choices to help reduce their odds of developing dementia, saying that dementia is the “most feared consequence of ageing”.

Professor Jonathan Schott, chief medical officer at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said:" Some people are (genetically) destined to develop dementia, but we know now that up to 40% of worldwide dementia risk is potentially modifiable.

“We now are developing a rational evidence base of at least 12 modifiable and potentially modifiable risk factors.

“It’s vital that we do all that we can, as individuals and society, to reduce our risk.”


12 lifestyle factors to reduce your risk of dementia

  • Get at least seven hours of sleep at night

  • Challenge your brain

  • Look after your mental wellbeing

  • Be socially active

  • Look after your hearing

  • Eat a balanced diet

  • Stay physically active

  • Quit smoking

  • Drink responsibly

  • Keep a healthy level of cholesterol

  • Maintain healthy blood pressure

  • Manage diabetes as well as possible


Other steps that may reduce risk

A separate YouGov study of 2,200 British adults shows continuing education in younger life, avoiding traumatic head injury and reducing exposure to air pollution can also help reduce a person’s risk.

Academics have also called for brain health to be included as part of the NHS mid-life MOT – also known as the NHS Health Check – after a survey conducted on behalf of the charity found that just 2% of adults are doing their utmost to help their brains stay healthy.

Dr Charles Marshall, clinical senior lecturer in dementia at Queen Mary University of London, said: “I think what we need to do is think about combining a sort of education approach where we teach people about what they can do to keep their brains healthy with also improved early detection and diagnosis so we can give people personalised interventions as early as possible.

“One example of this might be an updated NHS health check that includes a major brain health focus that can identify when people have these risk factors but also something where we can identify early warning signs of dementia.”

'People are not doing enough to reduce the risk of dementia'

A new survey, conducted by YouGov on behalf of Alzheimer’s Research UK, found people are not meeting the steps they need to take to reduce their risk.

The poll of 2,200 UK adults found that 35% of people said they have had concerns about their hearing, but more than half of those (59%) reported that they have not done anything about it.

Previous studies have found people with hearing loss had a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment compared to people who do not tackle their hearing problems.

Meanwhile, the survey also found that only 31% of adults said they get at least seven hours of quality sleep each night.

Just over a quarter (27%) said they do activities to challenge their brain every day and only 30% said they meet physical activity guidelines each week.

However the majority of people polled said that they speak to, or meet, friends, family or colleagues a number of times each week and most said they had recently had their blood pressure checked.

People of any age are encouraged to use the new Think Brain Health Check-In tool, though it is primarily aimed at people in their 40s and 50s.

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Wine and dementia

Prof Paul Matthews, centre director at UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, said: “Now there is fairly solid scientific evidence that there’s an association between wine being consumed at any level and smaller brain volumes.

“One view is: ‘if I have any increased risk, I want to stop it and it’s easy for me to give up my glass or two of red wine in the evening’.

“Another is: ‘these (drinks) are what give my life pleasure, help me socialise, help me interact with other people, and therefore the loss would be a high cost to me and even if there is a possible small increased risk of dementia, I’m going to take it with wine and do other things to reduce my risk’.

“We need to give people the knowledge to make these choices.”


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