Experts call for reduction in antibiotics use to tackle superbug threat
Experts have called for doctors to stop handing out antibiotics "like sweets" as a major review into the dangers of antibiotic resistance is published.
Over-prescription is leading to resistance to the drugs that are used to fight infection, causing the rising threat of so-called 'superbugs'.
Antibiotic resistant bugs have been described by doctors as potentially a bigger threat to humans than cancer.
The superbug threat: Everything you need to know
Lord Jim O'Neill published a global action plan - commissioned by Prime Minister David Cameron in 2014 - which sets out a series of measures aiming to tackle the threat:
Reducing the unnecessary use of antimicrobial drugs in healthcare settings
Monitoring and reducing superfluous use of the drugs in farming
Quicker progress to be made on banning or restricting antibiotics that are vital for human health from being used in animals
Better use of diagnostic tools to help reduce unnecessary use of the drugs
A global public awareness campaign about the problem of drug resistance
Increasing the supply of new antibiotic drugs
One of his proposals suggests that big pharmaceutical companies should "play or pay" - meaning they either join the search to hunt for new antibiotics or be forced to pay a fine. But those who do and find successful new treatments should be rewarded handsomely.
The report points out that the process of determining whether or not a patient needs antimicrobial drugs, especially antibiotics, has not changed for decades.
"Rapid diagnostics would be able to reduce use of antibiotics by letting doctors know if a patient has an infection and if this infection is viral or bacterial, meaning that antibiotics will only be given out to patients who need them," the report states.
Lord O'Neill, said that antibiotics are treated "like sweets" as he called on governments across the world's richest countries to mandate that by 2020 antibiotics could only be prescribed following a rapid diagnostic test, wherever one exists.
He said that introducing this mandate will lead to advances in technology and diagnostic tools by opening a new market for them.
Health leaders from around the world have raised serious concerns about the growing resistance to antibiotics.
Lord O'Neill likened the problem to "facing a growing enemy with a largely depleted armoury".
Without antibiotics, many key medical procedures such as surgeries and chemotherapy could become too dangerous to perform.
Projections suggest that if nothing is done to control the rise of antibiotic resistant bugs, there will be 10 million deaths each year by 2050.
Failure to act will also cost the world over $100 trillion in lost output between 2014 and 2050, the review suggests.