Zika travel advice: What you need to know

The World Health Organisation has declared the Zika virus a "public health emergency of international concern".

See which countries are affected and what advice you should follow to prevent infection here.

The purple areas show where the Zika virus is active. Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Which countries are affected?

The Zika virus is mainly affecting central and south America where it has now spread to more than 40 countries.

This includes Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Mexico.

It has also spread to Caribbean islands such as Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Martinique and the US Virgin Islands.

For the latest information on affected countries see theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention website.

A woman, who is nine months pregnant, in Brazil. Credit: Reuters

Who is advised not to go?

At this stage only pregnant women are advised from travelling to countries with the Zika outbreak.

Public Health England (PHE) and the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) are closely monitoring the situation and updates can be found here

While it is important for travellers to take necessary precautions there is little public health risk to the wider population in England as the mosquito that transmits the virus is not found in the UK.

Dr Dipti Patel, director at NaTHNaC said: "Women who are planning to become pregnant should discuss their travel plans with their healthcare provider to assess the risk of infection with Zika virus."

The Rio Carnival in Brazil is about to start but pregnant Brits are advised not to travel. Credit: Reuters

What if you have already booked to go on holiday?

If you are pregnant and have already booked to go to a country where Zika is present ABTA recommends you change or cancel your plans.

Travel companies should be as flexible as possible with pregnant customers, the travel watchdog said.

Pregnant women can request a medical certificate from your GP to assist with any possible insurance claims.

It is also important for travel companies selling holidays to these destinations to make customers aware of the latest travel advice and of any cancellation or amendment policy.

For the latest help and advice visit the ABTA website or the Foreign Office website for updates

The Aedes, or yellow fever, mosquito carries the virus. Credit: File picture

What is the Zika virus?

Zika is a mosquito-borne virus first identified in Uganda in the late 1940s.

It is carried in the Aedes (yellow fever) mosquitos which are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Lately the virus has been linked to microcephaly in babies - an abnormal smallness of the head which can be due to abnormal brain development.

Women in Brazil, the source of the most recent outbreak, have been advised not to get pregnant until further investigations into the virus are carried out.

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms, which last between two and seven days, are similar to other viral infections and include:

  • Fever

  • Skin rashes

  • Headache

  • Muscle and joint pain

  • Conjunctivitis

Condoms are handed out to women in Colombia. Credit: Reuters

Sexual transmission

Almost all cases of Zika are from mosquito bites but there is the possibility it can also be passed on through sex.

In a limited number of cases the virus has been shown to be present in semen.

Although the risk through sexual transmission is thought to be very low, condom use is advised for male travellers if their partner is pregnant or trying to get pregnant.

This should apply for 28 days after return from an active Zika transmission area if there are no symptoms and six months if the virus is detected.

The best protection from the Zika virus is insect repellent. Credit: Reuters

What is the treatment for it?

Zika symptoms are usually relatively mild and require no specific treatment.

If you are infected, WHO advice is to get plenty of rest, drink enough fluids and treat pain and fever with the usual medicines.

If symptoms worsen, people should seek further medical care and advice.

There is currently no vaccine available so the best form of prevention is to protect against mosquito bites.